Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a mental health therapy. It was initially developed for treating trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) but has since shown effectiveness for a number of other conditions. Read on to learn more about what it is, how it works, and what to look for in an EMDR practitioner.
What Is EMDR Therapy?
EMDR is one of three specific trauma-focused psychotherapies recommended as first-line treatment for PTSD by the US Department of Veterans Affairs over the use of medication [1] [2].
EMDR is a structured therapy that focuses on processing memories. It encourages the patient to focus briefly on the trauma memory while simultaneously experiencing bilateral stimulation (typically eye movements or tones), which is associated with a reduction in the vividness and emotion associated with the trauma memories.
Unlike many types of therapy, EMDR does not require talking in detail about the distressing issue or completing homework between sessions. Rather than focusing on changing the emotions, thoughts, or behaviors resulting from the distressing issue, EMDR allows the brain to resume its natural healing process.
As the EMDR association states, EMDR therapy is designed to resolve unprocessed traumatic memories in the brain. When distress from a disturbing event remains, the upsetting images, thoughts, and emotions may create an overwhelming feeling of being back in that moment, or of being “frozen in time.” EMDR therapy helps the brain process these memories, and allows normal healing to resume. The experience is still remembered, but the fight, flight, or freeze response from the original event is resolved. [3]
Is EMDR Evidence-Based?
As of 2019, there are more than 44 randomized controlled trials that have demonstrated the effectiveness of EMDR treatment in reducing or eliminating PTSD and related symptoms.
In addition, there are 28 randomized controlled trials which have evaluated its use with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, psychosis, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance use disorder, and chronic pain. These are preliminary studies requiring more research [4].
EMDR has official approval from the World Health Organization (WHO) and government organizations and agencies in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Germany, among others.
The Eight Phases of EMDR: An Overview
EMDR Sessions are structured around an eight-phase protocol consisting of:
- History-taking and treatment planning
- Preparation
- An assessment of traumatic memory
- Desensitization
- The installation of positive belief
- A body scan
- Closure
- Reevaluation
Is EMDR Effective? Treatment Timeline
Yes. Many evidence-based studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of EMDR, often after only a few sessions. A typical EMDR therapy session lasts between 60 and 90 minutes. Most people undergo EMDR for several weeks to a few months.
Who May Benefit from EMDR?
EMDR therapy helps children and adults of all ages. Therapists use EMDR therapy to address a wide range of challenges. Initially focused on treating trauma and PTSD, EMDR has been shown to be effective for many mental health conditions including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders. As well, it can help with sexual assault and chronic pain.
Why is Choosing a Good EMDR Practitioner Important?
On the surface, doing EMDR appears simple—with the therapist just waving their fingers in front of the patient’s eyes. But behind that image lies years of training and clinical practice.
What to Look for in a Therapist
Look for a therapist certified by EMDRIA, the EMDR International Association. They should have completed at least the basic training and clinical practice and have experience in the area relevant to you and your challenges.
Certifications and Credentials
EMDRIA provides EMDR Basic Training to clinicians with the knowledge and skills to utilize EMDR therapy, a comprehensive understanding of case conceptualization and treatment planning, and the ability to integrate EMDR therapy into their clinical practice.
At a minimum, it provides instruction in the current explanatory model, methodology, and underlying mechanisms of EMDR through lectures, practice, and integrated consultation.
The simplest way to find one of the 16,000 trained, certified therapists is through EMDRIA. Find an EMDR therapist here.
Interpersonal Skills and Personal Approach
A strong EMDR therapist balances technical skill with emotional attunement, fostering healing through both structured protocols and genuine human connection.
Interpersonal skills to look for in an EMDR therapist include:
- Empathy and Compassion
- Active Listening
- Trust-Building
- Patience and Adaptability
- Clear Communication
Personal Approach for an EMDR Therapist:
- Client-Centered
- Calm and Grounded Presence
- Cultural Sensitivity
- Self-Awareness
- Resilience
Initial Consultation: What to Ask
Consider asking the therapist the following questions during your initial consultation. The goals of this process are to ensure clarity in their responses, build trust, and assess if the therapist’s style and EMDR are the right fit for you.
- About EMDR and the Process
- How does EMDR work, and what should I expect in sessions?
- How long does EMDR treatment typically take for someone with my concerns?
- Will I need to talk in detail about my trauma, or is it more about processing memories?
- About the Therapist’s Approach
- What is your experience with EMDR, especially for issues like mine?
- How do you help clients who get overwhelmed during sessions?
- Do you incorporate other therapies (e.g., CBT, somatic work) alongside EMDR?
- About Safety and Comfort
- What if I feel too distressed during or after a session?
- Do you teach coping skills before starting EMDR?
- How do you ensure I’m ready for trauma processing?
- About Logistics and Expectations
- How often will we meet, and how many sessions might I need?
- What happens if I need to pause or stop EMDR?
- Do you provide resources (e.g., worksheets, grounding techniques) between sessions?
- About Suitability and Alternatives
- Am I a good candidate for EMDR, or are other therapies better for me?
- What if EMDR doesn’t work for me—what are the alternatives?
Red Flags: What to Watch Out For
The most important aspects to look for are: 1) whether the therapist is officially trained and certified by EMDRIA, 2) whether you feel safe with the therapist, 3) whether the therapist has experience treating your conditions.
How to Prepare for EMDR
Consider the following areas to prepare.
- Mental and Emotional Preparation
- Build Coping Skills Before Starting
- Physical and Logistical Prep
- Aftercare Planning
- Trust the Process
Veteran-Focused Trauma Recovery
At Miramar, we are veteran-owned and operated, and are focused exclusively on the unique needs of America’s veterans under attack during our country’s addiction and mental health crisis. A substantial portion of our team consists of members from all services… We’ve been there.
Our therapists are experienced in working with the unique needs of veterans and active-duty military members who experience trauma and PTSD, among other mental health conditions.
Contact Us, Get the Help You Deserve
Miramar Health is a veteran-owned and operated recovery program exclusively serving veterans. Our mission is to free veterans from America’s mental health and addiction crisis and to empower them to create a better future for themselves and their families.
We understand the complex nature of trauma and offer individualized treatment options that are specific to veterans. Take the first step to your recovery. You’re not alone. Reach out to our Admissions team today.
Sources
[1] Norman, S. et al. Overview of Psychotherapy for PTSD. US Dept. of Veterans Affairs.
[2] US Dept. of Veterans Affairs. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD.
[3] What is EMDR therapy? EMDRIA. EMDR International Association.
[4] Maxfield, L. (2019). A Clinician’s Guide to the Efficacy of EMDR Therapy. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 13(4), 239–246.